Termorregulación y tasas metabólicas de murciélagos nectarívoros del género Anoura (Chiroptera:Phyllostomidae) en una selva nublada de Los Andes venezolanos

Adriana Ruiz; Pascual J. Soriano; Marjorie Machado

doi:10.53157/ecotropicos.682a-rbtc

Autores/as

Adriana Ruiz Universidad del Valle Autor/a
Pascual J. Soriano Universidad de Los Andes Autor/a https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4399-5894
Marjorie Machado Universidad de Carabobo Autor/a https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-346X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53157/ecotropicos.682a-rbtc

Palabras clave:

normotermia, alta montaña, adaptaciones fisiológicas

Resumen

En los murciélagos neotropicales, los límites de distribución altitudinal parecen asociarse a factores ambientales que afectan distintamente a los diferentes grupos funcionales. Para determinar si la termorregulación y/o las tasas metabólicas explican las restricción de las especies nectarívoras del género Anoura a los ambientes de montaña (500-3000 msnm), medimos temperatura corporal (Tc), tasa metabólica basal (TMB) y conductancia térmica (C) de A. cultrata, A. geoffroyi y A. latidens, en un intervalo de temperaturas ambiente (Ta) entre 10 y 38 ºC. Las tres especies mostraron termorregulación normotérmica, manteniendo su Tc constante (33-35 ºC) aún a bajas temperaturas. Ninguna especie entró en torpor, en concordancia con sus altas TMB (103-131%, de lo esperado para su masa corporal). Observamos una disminución de sus temperaturas críticas inferiores (Tci). La conductancia térmica en las tres especies fue menor a lo esperado para mamíferos (90-98%). Estas especies no mostraron diferencias en TMB y C con respecto a las especies de bajas elevaciones. En las tres especies el costo metabólico estimado a la temperatura del refugio, excedió la TMB entre 2,5 y 2,9 veces, valores similares al límite fisiológico predicho (2,5 x TMB). Las especies de montaña pueden mantener mayores diferenciales de temperatura al desplazar su zona de termoneutralidad, disminuyendo así el alto costo de la termorregulación. El comportamiento gregario en forma de harems observado dentro del refugio, pudiera permitirles disminuir su conductancia y mantener un mejor balance térmico.

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Termorregulación y tasas metabólicas de murciélagos nectarívoros del género Anoura (Chiroptera:Phyllostomidae) en una selva nublada de Los Andes venezolanos

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