Atributos foliares conservados y plasticidad fitoquímica en Polylepis sericea Wedd. (Rosaceae) en un gradiente altitudinal de Los Andes Venezolanos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53157/ecotropicos.n68r-7fp9Palabras clave:
Andes tropicales, Atributos morfoanatómicos foliares, Estrés UV, Flavonoides, Fenilpropanoides, PolifenolesResumen
Este estudio examinó la plasticidad anatómica foliar, basada en atributos estándar y la plasticidad fitoquímica, en términos de acumulación y composición de compuestos polifenólicos en Polylepis sericea a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal de 674 m (3.549–4.223 m s.n.m.) en los Andes venezolanos. Los análisis morfoanatómicos revelaron una estructura anatómica altamente conservada, dada la ausencia de variaciones significativas en el área foliar específica (SLA), grosor de la cutícula, altura de las células epidérmicas en general y en la proporción de clorénquima en empalizada/esponjoso. El perfil fitoquímico incluyó tinción férrica y espectrofotometría ultravioleta de los extractos foliares metanólicos. El estudio reveló la acumulación de agentes polifenólicos quelantes, principalmente flavonoides dihidroxilados y fenilpropanoides en el clorénquima, particularmente en las capas superiores. El contenido total de fenoles no incrementó linealmente, ya que la mayor concentración correspondió a la muestra recolectada a menor elevación (3.549 m s.n.m.). Sin embargo; las mayores concentraciones de flavonoides oxidados se observaron en el clorénquima de las muestras recolectadas a 4.223 m s.n.m. Estas diferencias, aunadas a la presencia de flavonoles glicosilados u oxidados en las muestras de 3.459 m s.n.m. sugieren que la síntesis y tipo de compuestos polifenólicos en P. sericea están influenciados por factores ambientales sitio-específico y que estos metabolitos secundarios desempeñan un papel clave en la mitigación del estrés fotooxidativo generado por condiciones ambientales extremas. La estructura foliar conservada asociada a la plasticidad fitoquímica hallada en este estudio podría ayudarnos a comprender las adaptaciones desarrolladas por plantas leñosas de alta montaña.
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