Ecological classification system and ecosystems maps: Conceptual - methodological approach for Venezuela.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present a methodological proposal for land cover classification under an ecological approach that is structured in three levels or spatial scales: ecoregions, ecological landscapes and ecosystems. In a first phase, the conceptual basis for the ecological classification system are described, taking into account the structure and functioning of ecosystems, and their distribution in the landscape. In a second part, the hierarchical structure of the classification system is described and the levels and criteria are defined. Methodological procedures for mapping ecosystems, based on remote sensing and ecological surveys, are detailed. The integration property of the classification system, to include under the same approach to the secondary systems, is emphasized. Several examples of application of this methodology are presented at the end of the work, such as ecosystem maps of the Andes, Yaracuy state and Portuguesa state, as well as specific applications of mapping ecosystem for modeling risk areas of Chagas disease, and conservation planning. The main contribution of this work is the definition of a methodological approach that allows have a comprehensive ecological view of the territory, be homologous to other classification systems, and provides a basis for monitoring ecosystems changes and transformations.