Descubriendo la biodiversidad de parásitos en los Trópicos: Un marco de referencia basado en modelos de nicho ecológico de múltiples especies hospedadoras.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53157/ecotropicos.33e0016Palabras clave:
biotic interactions, ecological niche, host communities, parasite assemblages, vector-borne diseasesResumen
Los actuales grados de amenaza hacia la biodiversidad impuestos por las actividades humanas resaltan la necesidad de concentrar esfuerzos no solo en conservar lo que ya conocemos, sino también en el descubrimiento de nuevas especies, particularmente de grupos poco estudiados pero ecológicamente importantes, como lo son los parásitos y la fauna subterránea. Para el caso de los parásitos, debemos considerar que sus hospedadores representan todo su hábitat, que la mayoría de las especies hospedadoras están infectadas por más de una especie de parásito y que muchos estudios demuestran que algunos rasgos del hospedador (p.ej. el tamaño del cuerpo, el rango de distribución) y la diversidad de hospedadores se correlacionan positivamente con la diversidad de parásitos. Por lo tanto, la diversidad de hospedadores puede ser un sustituto de la diversidad de parásitos, donde siempre esperaríamos una mayor riqueza de parásitos que de especies hospedantes. Por ello, proponemos un marco de referencia utilizando modelos de nicho ecológico de múltiples especies hospedadoras (es decir, uso de modelos de distribución de especies conjuntas de hospedadores) para guiar los futuros estudios de la diversidad de parásitos. Sugerimos enfocar estos estudios en áreas con alta riqueza y endemicidad de especies hospedadoras, para así optimizar el uso de los limitados recursos económicos en áreas con una mayor probabilidad de descubrimiento de parásitos (p.ej. puntos críticos de diversidad de hospedantes que propor- cionan mayor heterogeneidad del hábitat para los parásitos).
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