Florística y estructura física de cinco parcelas amazónicas en Ecuador y Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53157/ecotropicos.34e0020Palabras clave:
Igapó, palm, terra firme, várzea, white sandResumen
El Amazonas contiene algunos de los ecosistemas boscosos más importantes de la tierra, por lo que necesitamos conocer la naturaleza y el grado de sus similitudes y diferencias. Por lo tanto, comparé la estructura florística y física de cinco tipos
de bosques amazónicos comunes (tierra firme, palma y arena blanca [todos sin inundación], várzea e igapó [ambos inundados]) dentro de parcelas separadas de una hectárea en la Amazonía ecuatoriana y peruana. Encontré que (1) las familias más abundantes eran Arecaceae, Fabaceae y Clusiaceae y esas familias junto con Euphorbiaceae fueron las únicas familias encontradas en las cinco parcelas, (2) la mayor densidad de tallos, el mayor número de tallos grandes y los más cerrados el dosel estaba en várzea y tierra firme, (3) la palma tenía los tallos más medianos y el tamaño promedio de tallo más pequeño, y (4) igapó tenía el área basal y la biomasa aérea más pequeñas. La ordenación sugirió que Arecaceae y Clusiaceae definieron mejor los datos florísticos, y los tallos totales y la clase de tamaño de tallo más pequeño definieron mejor los datos de estructura física. El análisis de conglomerados después de la ordenación (1) basado en florística, mostró que tierra firme, várzea e igapó formaron un racimo y tanto la palma como la arena blanca estaban en racimos separados por sí mismos, y (2) según la estructura física, mostró que la tierra firme y la palma formó un racimo, arena blanca e igapó formó un racimo y várzea estaba en un racimo por sí mismo. Si bien los resultados sugieren que las características del suelo son importantes para determinar la composición florística de los bosques amazónicos y las características de las inundaciones son importantes para determinar su estructura física, solo establecen hipótesis para ser probadas mediante muestreos futuros de estos tipos de bosques en otras partes del Amazonas.
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