Protección de la biodiversidad del bentos para asegurar procesamiento de materia orgánica y servicios del ecosistema: importancia de los invertebrados fragmentadores en redes de drenaje.
Palabras clave:
conectividad, perturbacion, red de drenaje, diversidad microbiana, desplazamientos ontogeneticos, perdida de especies, redundancia de especies, cadenas de procesamientoResumen
A nivel global se está produciendo una rápida pérdida de especies, principalmente en ecosistemas dulceacuícolas. Cómo estas pérdidas afectan procesos del ecosistema es un área de investigación activa. Las relaciones entre riqueza de especies y procesos del ecosistema se examinan mediante experimentos de laboratorio y campo para determinar los efectos que tiene una especie en particular sobre relaciones funcionales esenciales. Estos estudios son importantes tanto para la conservación de especies raras, como para el manejo de especies menos vulnerables. La hipótesis del “seguro” destaca la importancia de proteger a toda la biodiversidad para mantener los servicios del ecosistema y retener la máxima biodiversidad. Esta revisión discute la importancia de los invertebrados bénticos en las cabeceras de los ríos y su papel en el procesamiento de detritos derivados de bosques riparios. Estudios recientes demuestran que funciones especie-específicas, tales como la fragmentación de hojarasca, puede ser alterada significativamente por las especies de invertebrados presentes y sus interacciones. Algunas especies interactúan en las cadenas de procesamiento de detritos de modo tal que la pérdida de un eslabón importante puede tener efectos importantes sobre como fluye la energía a traves de las cadenas tróficas de los ríos. El valor funcional de estas especies en el reciclaje de materiales orgánicos debe ser considerado para el manejo a largo plazo de los flujos de agua en redes de hábitats interconectados.
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